Screen Readers

A screen reader is a software application that attempts to identify and interpret what is being displayed on the screen.

This interpretation is then re-presented to the user with text-to-speech, sound icons, or a Braille output device. Screen readers are a form of assistive technology (AT) potentially useful to a wide variety of people, often in combination with other AT, such as screen magnifiers.

OS built-in Screen Readers

  • Microsoft Windows operating systems have included the Microsoft Narrator light-duty screen reader since Windows 2000
  • Mac OS X includes VoiceOver, a feature-rich screen reader
  • The console-based Oralux Linux distribution ships with screen-reading environments Emacspeak and Speakup
  • The open source GNOME desktop environment long included Gnopernicus and now includes Orca

There is also a wide array of third-party Screen Readers available.